Fracking and its Effect on the Environment Essay - 1464 Words

Oil and natural gas companies have developed a way to drill for natural gas, a process called hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking. Natural gas is a flammable gas mixture consisting of methane and several other hydrocarbons that occur naturally underground. Natural gas is used as fuel for heating, cooking, and even in some automobiles like the â€Å"RideOn† buses. This technique has only recently become economically feasible with the rising prices of fossil fuels, and there is much potential for recovering natural gas through fracking. However, fracking has many waste products and unusual side effects caused by the unnatural forces and materials used. Fracking has a detrimental effect on the surrounding environment through†¦show more content†¦The added chemicals help reduce problems such as a buildup of bacteria and mineral deposits (OSU). Fracking is a very water intensive process and uses up to four million gallons of fresh water for each well, and wi th about thirty-five thousand wells in the United States, fracking consumes the same amount of water as five million people (Schmidt). Most of the water used remains trapped down in the rocks where the natural gas previously was, but about thirty to seventy percent of the water resurfaces as what is called â€Å"flowback†. Flowback water is full of minerals, salts, and often times some radioactive materials. The flowback water is stored in temporary lagoons or lakes until it is transported to facilities that treat the water or facilities that have permits to inject into deep â€Å"Class II wells† or dump into rivers, streams, and lakes along with other wastewater from other sources (OSU). Most of the facilities that are used to treat the flowback water before they are put back into water systems as treated water are not equipped to treat all the contaminants of flowback water. In all the research done, there have been no results that suggest the wastewater inside the wells contaminate or pollute groundwater that people use as drinking water. However surface spills of flowback been mostly unnoticed even though the flowback water that leaks from the storage lagoons into waterways and drinking water has potential to be especially harmful. RecentShow MoreRelatedFracking : Fracking And Its Effects On The Environment1286 Words   |  6 Pagesfracturing, commonly referred to as frac king, is a widespread practice in the United States. Fracking is a method used to extract oil and natural gas. Scientists and citizens report detrimental side effects of hydraulic drilling. New York and Vermont have banned fracking statewide. Maryland has set a two year moratorium on fracking, so that more research can be done to show the impacts of fracking on the environment. Nationwide, many other cities and counties have banned fracking as well. All states shouldRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Environment856 Words   |  4 PagesFracking is one the most recent and efficient methods to create energy. In order to obtain this controversial natural gas, new jobs are created in rural areas, and as expected, electric bills decreased. Furthermore, Fracking creates enormous amounts of gas at an inexpensive price making the production of any other form of energy practically obsolete. Although not all countries or states in the United States think alike, some of them dispute the claim that fracking negatively affects the environmentRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Environment1443 Words   |  6 Pageswhat experts and passionate amateurs alike have been debating about fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing.. Although it has the potential to be a very lucrative process, presently fracking is far too detrimental to the environment, for example Southern Illinois’ Shawnee National Forest, for any environmentally conscious human being to be supportive of until there is a large change in the way the process affects the environment. Hydraulic fracturing is â€Å"the process of injecting liquid at highRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment1267 Words   |  6 Pagespeople arguing for the good and bad of it. This paper will examine views from both sides, its effects on the environment, review journal entries, and then show the conclusion reached about this process. The process you might have guessed that I am referring to is that of hydraulic fracturing or otherwise known as fracking by most people. First let me explain what this process involves and how it works. Fracking involves using a 99.5% sand, water, and special chemical additive to help bore through rockRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment Essay1782 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch paper we will cuss and discuss the effects that â€Å"Hydraulic Fracturing† has had on the environment, the economy, and human life in general. This will be essential in rationalizing the overall effects it has had on the planet Earth, and those therein. This paper will also examine how â€Å"Fracking† works, and it will bring to light the good, the bad, and the ugly. The truth about fracking is that it is quickly becoming a nightmare for both the environment and humans alike, because there aren’t enoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment And Citizens1715 Words   |  7 PagesAs Americans search for alternatives to purchasing oil and gas from overseas, the increase of fracking to extract comp ressed natural gas has risen dramatically. Remarkably, the public can only access limited research from independent scientists who list both the negative and the positive effects fracking is having on the environment and citizens’ health (Rosenberg, Phartiyal, Goldman, Branscomb, 2014, p. 75). Moreover, the American public and their elected officials are denied the chance to makeRead MoreThe Effects of Fracking on the Environment Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages While it is true â€Å"fracking†, a procedure to obtain natural gas removal from shale formations, it is also true there have been infrastructure security issues associated with this practice. Furthermore, there have been ecological considerations from fracking brought to the forefront by countless environmentalists. Indeed, hydraulic fracturing, as it is referred to, is a process by which shale gas and oil is uprooted from a depth far below the earth’s exterior. The process of extracting shale gasRe ad MoreEffects Of Fracking On The Environment And Human Health1208 Words   |  5 PagesAustralia to supply all of Australia at current levels for more than 6130 years. Fracking extracts hydrocarbons from previously inaccessible sources of oil and gas using hydraulically pressurised liquid to fracture rock and release gas trapped in coal seams (Hester, R Harrison, R). This gas was once unprofitable because it was expensive and difficult to extract. The benefits and also the side effects of fracking need to be considered including whether the economic benefits outweigh the environmentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On Environmental Impacts On The Environment1094 Words   |  5 PagesSubstantial societal concerns regarding fracking s environmental impacts have been raised. Firstly, the water requirements are significant, with an average of 20 million litres used per well. This is 50-100 times more water than in conventional natural gas extraction. An increase in fracking may exacerbate current global water stress due to pollution, climate change and population growth (Kim 2014). In addition to this, the water mixtures used in fracking contain an average of 200 000 litres ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Fracking On The United States Economy And Leaving A Harmful Footprint Behind The Environment2007 Words   |  9 Pagesthe need without ever reaching satisfaction (Erich Fromm). Introduction Fracking is a complex political topic; nonetheless, fracking is showing a positive impact on the United States economy and leaving a harmful footprint behind the environment. In addition, consumers are experiencing a significant amount of savings due to the overwhelming supplies of oil; thus, the revolution in new technology is triggering an improper fracking system that contributes to airborne pollution and water contamination

growaw Epiphany of Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins The...

The Epiphany in The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, presents the struggle of an American woman at the turn of the century to find her own identity. At the beginning of the novel, the protagonist, Edna Pontellier, seems to define her identity in terms of being a wife, a mother and a member of her community. As the story progresses, Edna seeks to define herself as an individual. The turning point in her struggle can be seen clearly in a scene in which Edna realizes for the first time that she can swim. Having struggled to learn to swim for months, she realizes in this scene that it is easy and natural. This discovery is symbolic of Edna’s break from viewing herself in terms of what society expects her to be,†¦show more content†¦As with her religious faith, Edna has viewed her domestic life with the same unquestioning attitude. Her entire adult life has been driven along by the force of habit. She marries, has children, engages in appropriate hobbies and accepts what soci ety deems standard for a woman of her class because it is expected and normal. Only in the months in which this story takes place does Edna once again begin to question her complacency. She begins â€Å"to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her† (14). The turning point for Edna comes the night that she realizes she can swim. Reveling in how natural and easy it feels, she swims out alone, casting aside her need for â€Å"a hand nearby that might reach out and reassure her† (27). As she swims far away from her companions, Edna discovers two things. She finds space and solitude, and also a feeling of what she calls â€Å"the unlimited in which to lose herself† (28). Edna sees herself not only as a unique person, but also as one who is connected to a larger universe. Her initial reaction to this experience is fear, and she swims back to her comfortable companions. But the new awareness she reaches that night changes the way she looks at the world and how she conducts herself from that point onward. Immediately following her swim, Edna begins to rebel against her

Cognitive Development free essay sample

Process Essay Cognitive Development There have been many different areas of interest in the field of psychology. The most popular area is the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development is the growth in childrens ways of thinking about and interacting with their environment. Some of the famous theorists concerning in the development of cognitive human development are Freud, Erikson and Piaget. The most accurate theory is Piaget’s theory. His theory provided many fundamental concepts in the field of developmental psychology and concerned the growth of intelligence. Piaget divided the cognitive development into four stages period that children use to understand the world, roughly correlated with and becoming increasingly sophisticated with age: The first stage is the sensorimotor stage that begins from birth until two years of age. During this stage, the child is concerned with gaining motor control and learning about physical objects. Children are curious explorers and try to the think about the world by interacting with it. But as more experiment and large number of researches were conducted, those revealed that the mental organizing and processing information occupied critical position during learning process which refer to cognitive approach. Cognitive approach emphasizes the learners’ characteristics and mental work compared with earlier associationism and behaviorism. During learning process which under cognitive approach, the learner are assumed to be active information processor and the previous knowledge which existing learners mind interacting with new information leads to learning outcome. As educational instructors, more attention should be allocated to how to actively motivate learners such as using reward and instructional objects in order to improve the learning outcome. Secondly, under the situation of fully knowing the importance and procedure of how cognitive approach working, intervention the cognitive process in different age level is adopted which considered as a method to improve the learning outcome. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development establishes an example of it. Piaget’s theory describes four stages of cognitive development of children which are sensorimotor, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage. At the first stage sensorimotor, which around from birth to age 2, (Educational Psychology (2013)) children are lack of languages and internal representation and behaviors are limited as well. According Piaget’s theory, object performance is the most achievement among this stage. Object performances represents the ability of infants to realize that an object is permanent exists even though cannot be seen. An example is peek-a-boo, an younger infant believe that the object is vanished and would laugh when the object shows up again, however, an older infant who aware the object performance would understanding the object is still there no matter is be seen or not. Second stage of Piaget’s work is called preoperational which approximately from age two to seven (Educational Psychology (2013)). At this stage, languages development is the most significant performance, other feature is egocentrism which means that children would only see the thing form their own perspectives and difficult to understand other’s point of views. A well-known Piaget’s experiment is â€Å"three mountain tasks†. A child sits in front of an mountain asked what view can be seen from this angle and then asked what view can others can see in a different angle while the child still on the original position. The answer is till the views that the child can see from his or her position. This task shows that children around this age are egocentrism. Irreversibility and conservation are also the characteristic among this age. The third stage is called concrete operational which around age seven to eleven (Educational Psychology (2013)). Among this age, children start to think things logically and more mental operation but still have difficult to understanding abstract and hypothetical concepts, loss of egocentrism, irreversibility and able to consider different perspectives are other accomplishment during this stage. The final stage from age eleven to adulthood is called formal operational (Educational Psychology (2013)). During this stage people begin to consider abstract concept, imply more logical thought and deductive reasoning. Finally, education implication is also important to cognitive development. Different stages requiring different teaching skills. At sensorimotor stage educational instructor can provide a rich stimulating environment and allow the child to play with toys. For children at preoperational stage, hands-on practice, props and visual aids should be encouraged, educational instructors don not expect the child to understand different perspectives, and instruction should be short and more using actions as well as words. Educational instructor for children on concrete operational stage should provide more chance to classify and group objects, give children the chance to manipulate objects and test out ideas, using familiar example to explain new ideas and presentation should be brief and organized. For people on formal operational stage, educational instructor should continue use strategies and materials used in former stage, provide opportunity to explore various hypothetical problems and teaching concepts not just facts. In conclusion, cognitive activities are related to process information through mental procedure. Although Piaget’s theory of cognitive development may not perfection, inspiring and encourage people to discover and explore the cognitive activities would continues. Schema Theory Schemas refer to mental process of understanding and knowing information. The schema theory suggests that existing schemas will influence cognitive process. If information is missing, the brain fills in blank based on existing schemas and creates memory alterations. For example, a kid has a schema about cats. If this kid’s own experience about cats is small cat, clean and four legs. And the child could think that all cats are small, clean and four legs. Assume the child saw a large cat, the child will then take the new information, altering the existing scheme about cat to including this new information. Schemata are actually do not exist, they are hypothesized data framework which indicated that information or knowledge store in memory. Schema can be assimilated and accommodated according to Piaget’s theory and those are also key concepts of Piaget’s theory (Educational Psychology (2013)). Assimilation refers to a process that takes new information to existing schema. The example above shows when a child seeing a cat and then mark it as a cat, is an example assimilating an animal to animal schema. Accommodation refers to a process that alerting existing schema in order to adopt the new information. References Bruning. H. , Schraw J. , amp; Norby. M. Cognitive Psychology and Instruction (Fifth Edition). 501 Boylston Street, Boston: Allyn amp; Bacon Educational Psychology (2013): Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, from About. com Educational Psychology web site: http://psychology. about. com/od/piagetstheory/p/formaloperation. htm Educational Psychology (2013): Background and Key Concept of Piaget’s Theory, from About. com Educational Psychology web site: http://psychology. about. com/od/piagetstheory/a/keyconcepts. htm Cognitive Development. What is cognitive development 1-2. From Google Database.

Songs Of Faith Devotion free essay sample

Depeche Mode -Songs of Faith Devotion The Depeche Men are back! Its been three years since their last release Violator and Depeche has a new sound. By injecting their clean electronic synthpop rhythm with acoustic instruments, Depeche has created a new techno-funk medium. Guitars lend power to I Feel You and a string accompaniment emphasizes tenderness in Martin Gores solo One Caress. The LP contains ten tracks in total, ranging from delicate, to pounding, to passionate. In Condemnation, one of my favorite tracks on the album, David Gahans angelic voice rings out a passionate plea: Condemnation, Why? Because my duty, Was always to beauty, And that was my crime. The lustful, yet sensitive In Your Room has incredible rhythm and creates a swirling hypnotic effect by the use of a heart-pounding base and repetitive words. In your room, Your burning eyes, Cause flames to arise. Will you let the fire die down soon, Or will I always be here? Your favorite slave. We will write a custom essay sample on Songs Of Faith Devotion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Im hanging on your words, living on your breath, feeling with your skin, Will I always be? Songs of Faith and Devotion is an enormous accomplishment for Depeche Mode. Its instrumental diversity largely separates it from their previous releases and represents a new interweaving of their strong British background and David Gahans Los Angeles influence. n Review by C. K., Franklin, MA

Free Essays on The Prince 1-4

Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter I: The Various Kinds of Government, and the Ways By Which They Are Established. Machiavelli begins The Prince with a crucial distinction of political categories. There are, he writes, only two ways in which a state can be organized: as a republic, or as a monarchy. After making this distinction, Machiavelli immediately, without a pause or comment, simply drops the discussion of the â€Å"republic.† This doesn’t mean that Machiavelli doesn’t like republics republics, after all, are the subject of his other major work of political theory, The Discourses. Rather than accuse Machiavelli of anti-democratic bias, we should note that in this particular book, which meant to describe the proper conduct of a prince, any discussion of princeless republics would be entirely irrelevant. After bracketing the idea of a republic, then, Machiavelli moves on to divide the category of â€Å"monarchy† into further sub-categories. Monarchies, he writes, can be either hereditary and governed by the same family for generations, or recently founded. Again, Machiavelli follows one division with another. Leaving aside hereditary monarchies for the moment, he distinguishes two different kinds of recently founded monarchies – those which are entirely new, and those which are new annexations of territory added onto pre-existing hereditary monarchies. As we might expect, within this latter category (the annexed state), there are also two subcategories: Machiavelli points out that some annexed states were previously subject to another ruler, and some were formerly free. And finally, there is yet another kind of subcategory within annexed states: those which were conquered by a prince in war, and those which simply fall to him through luck or skill. Chapter II: Of Hereditary Monarchies This chapter begins with Machiavelli’s apology for not discussing republics in this book – in what seems to be ... Free Essays on The Prince 1-4 Free Essays on The Prince 1-4 Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter I: The Various Kinds of Government, and the Ways By Which They Are Established. Machiavelli begins The Prince with a crucial distinction of political categories. There are, he writes, only two ways in which a state can be organized: as a republic, or as a monarchy. After making this distinction, Machiavelli immediately, without a pause or comment, simply drops the discussion of the â€Å"republic.† This doesn’t mean that Machiavelli doesn’t like republics republics, after all, are the subject of his other major work of political theory, The Discourses. Rather than accuse Machiavelli of anti-democratic bias, we should note that in this particular book, which meant to describe the proper conduct of a prince, any discussion of princeless republics would be entirely irrelevant. After bracketing the idea of a republic, then, Machiavelli moves on to divide the category of â€Å"monarchy† into further sub-categories. Monarchies, he writes, can be either hereditary and governed by the same family for generations, or recently founded. Again, Machiavelli follows one division with another. Leaving aside hereditary monarchies for the moment, he distinguishes two different kinds of recently founded monarchies – those which are entirely new, and those which are new annexations of territory added onto pre-existing hereditary monarchies. As we might expect, within this latter category (the annexed state), there are also two subcategories: Machiavelli points out that some annexed states were previously subject to another ruler, and some were formerly free. And finally, there is yet another kind of subcategory within annexed states: those which were conquered by a prince in war, and those which simply fall to him through luck or skill. Chapter II: Of Hereditary Monarchies This chapter begins with Machiavelli’s apology for not discussing republics in this book – in what seems to be ...

Importance of Psychology in Nursing Dissertation - 1

Importance of Psychology in Nursing - Dissertation Example With its over-arching knowledge and general applicability to various discourses, psychology has been successful in having an impact on the profession of nursing as well. The profession of nursing entails, â€Å"the use of clinical judgment in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to cope with health problems and to achieve the best possible quality of life whatever their disease or disability until death† (Glasper & Richardson, pp. 95, 2006). As obvious from this definition, nursing is inevitably related to psychology and its inferences since it does not only deal with humans (patients) but also has a critical impact on how nurses deal with different patients, as well as on the element of care and strategies that focus on the stimulation of quicker recovery. Thus, in all aspects, psychology and nursing are highly interrelated with one affecting the performance of the other. However, there is more to it than just the element of care and its psychological underlying themes. What is particularly interesting, especially in the light of modern advancements in career planning and professional motivations is the issue of gender in nursing. Recently, what was considered to be only women’s profession, first of prostitutes and nuns and later on, by the virtue of Florence Nightingale, of decent educated and cultures young women, is now profession of young men. In specific, there has been a significant rise in number of male nurses in the past decade globally. Interesting to note; however, are the differences and similarities between these trends and behaviors of caring and treating the patients by male and female nurses individually (Miers, 2000). In this regard, this paper will attempt to discover these differences and trends and identify response patterns particular to each of them.

Methods for Database Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Methods for Database Security - Essay Example The main part of this paper discusses the ways that an organization can use to counter the threats identified in the previous parts of the paper. The methods to be used include data encryption, web-based data security, authentication and access control, timeliness and security in real-time database systems, SQL Injections, negative databases, data security policies, and database auditing policies. Database Security Database security has become one of the most important issues in today’s world of technology. Many organizations depend a lot on their databases for the storage of their information and assets. Like all assets that any company treasures, the database is probably one of the most important assets, since it is used to store a myriad of information (Burtescu, 2009). The increase in technological advancement has allowed companies to be interconnected in ways that were not possible in the past, and with the growing technological link, so does insecurity grow. The increased connectivity has brought a number of benefits to organizations, but with it is an increased vulnerability to the security of the information accessible from the database (Burtescu, 2009). The core point in database security is the restriction of unauthorized access into databases, which can be done in a number of ways. In this case, security is used to refer to the policies or mechanisms used to prevent the threat and the asset coming into contact, where the asset referred to is the database. This means that database security is mainly concerned with protecting the database from unintended activity, be it from insiders, outsiders, or unwanted programs. Since the database is mainly a store of information, database security is concerned with preventing the loss of this information to unauthorized personnel (Burtescu, 2009). The building of a secure database is focused on improving traditional DBMS measures and providing an extended platform to the security measures in the modern organization. The main aim of this paper is to outline the main security threats that an organization can face in relation to the database, outline the importance of database security, and provide detailed explanations of the main types of database security issues. Therefore, it can be seen that the main objective in the paper is to provide an explanation of the database security methods available to an organization. A s already stated, the databases in organizations are mainly used to store important information, information ranging from financial information to customer information to product information. This means that the database is one of the most important features of the organization. It is, therefore, important that an organization keep track of the security issues that affect their databases. This indicates that the main importance of database security is to prevent unauthorized access t oinfo4mation stored in the database, which includes unauthorized modification and access. Database security systems are also put in place to ensure that data kept in the database stays confidential, since most of the data is of a sensitive nature. For example, customer information stored in a telephone company database can be sued maliciously if accessed by the wrong individuals; therefore, organizations have to ensure that their databases are kept secure. Database security is also emphasized by organiz ations to ensure that information integrity is secured, since tainted data can influence many mechanisms in the organization. However, despite the growing need for database security, many security threats come up in the growing technological atmosphere, some of which are described below.